Identify Irony in Flanners Oconnors a Good Man Is Hard to...

The Irony in Flannery O’Connor’s Irony is a significant rhetorical technique used in demonstrating a condition which is conflicting or expression whereby the result is the exact opposite of what is anticipated. This device of literature creates absurdity in the story according to its tone. Irony has an element of indirectness hence making the writing interesting to the reader. In the story of Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† Irony has aided deeper comprehension and understanding of its themes as it provokes the readers making them to critically analyze the state, paralleling and distinguishing the actual condition with assumptions as explained in the paper. Use of irony is imbued in this work as it is a principal feature†¦show more content†¦She made this judgment using the bare information she assessed, instead of using his character which can only be known in a length of time. The character is determined by distinct qualities which are unique in a person and this cannot be identified within a very short time especially when you meet a person for the first time (Dockery, David, Gregory, George, Brad, Harry, David, Jimmy, Barbara, Glenn, Karen, Paul, Antonio, Kina, Thomas, Susan, Mary, Donald, Kimberly Todd, 2002). The grandmother objected spending the vacation in Florida but she is the first person to go into the car. We expected her to be dragged into the car since Florida was not her favorite place to spend the vacation. Immediately after the car accident, the Misfit together with his associates comes. The grandmother identifies the Misfit and he is polite which is true but is meant to make the family have easy moments, makes her to assess Misfit. The grandmother ordered for calmness only to tell misfit that he is a good gentleman. She judged that Misfit was from a society which is good moraly(OConnor, 2001). It is possible that the grandmother was desperate and wanted to gain some favor from Misfit but the baseline is that she made this judgment based on the visible outlook and external behavior which can be misleading because appearance is deceptive and is far from reality. The

The Harrapan Civilization Essay - 617 Words

The Harrapan Civilization The Indus Valley, or Harrapan, civilization was discovered in 1920-21 when engraved seals were discovered near present-day Sahiwal in Pakistani Punjab at a place called Harappa. Excavations at Mohenjodaro in Sind discovered the buried remains of a civilization with a pictographic script. The Harappans first settled sites along the Indus River. This civilization extended to the Yamuna along the bed of the river Ghaggar in Rajhastan, Gujrat and up to the mouths of the rivers Narbada and Tapati. The Harappan culture extended from the Indus Valley through northeastern Afghanistan, on into Turkestan. Most of the major sites of this civilization are in Pakistan. In fact it is in Pakistan that an earlier phase of†¦show more content†¦Some of the most exciting discoveries in Ravi Phase levels have been of early writing. The origins of the Indus script-like signs dates from 3300-2800 BC. This would make the origins of writing in South Asia approximately the same time as in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The Indus Valley civilization is traditionally broken down into three more Harrapan Phase, from 2600 to 1900 BC, a Harrapan transitional period, 1900 to 1700 BC, and the late Harrapan period, 1700 to 1300 BC. Archaeological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Dravidians were the founders of the Harappan culture. The Harappan civilization was twice the size the Old Kingdom of Egypt. They had trade relations with Mesopotamia, Iran, and the Central Asian peoples. The Mature Harappan civilization is divided into two cultures, the Sorath Harappan and the Sindhi Harappan. The Sindhi Harappan sites are sites characterized by elaborate architecture, fired brick construction, sewage systems and stamp seals. The Sorath Harappan sites lack stamp seals, ornaments and elaborate architecture. The Harappans were organized into chiefdoms, averaging between two and five acres. 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Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four Free Essays

His gun was filled with lead. Regardless, being shot hurt. Really, really hurt. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now And he shot me in the butt. How mortifying. I wanted to shout, curse, cry. Instead I ran. At first all I could think of was getting away, so I accelerated in the general direction of Cuba. However, when my skin began to heal the hole with the bullet still inside, I detoured to the cabin. Approaching from the rear, I sniffed the air and smelled nothing but trees, heard only the wind. Leaping onto the back porch, I imagined myself human and suddenly I was. The talisman resided in the pocket of Jessie’s pants back at the junkyard. Even though I didn’t appear to need it anymore, I wanted the icon back. And I’d get it, just as soon as I removed the irritating bullet from my ass. I could get used to changing back and forth in the blink of an eye. The lack of pain and agony was a definite plus. Making use of my suddenly opposable thumb, I turned the doorknob, slipped inside, then straight into the bathroom. The glare of the electric light made me flinch even before I saw myself in the mirror. Dirt streaked my face; my hair was full of leaves and twigs; fiery red scratches marred my arms. Twisting awkwardly, I tried to see my wound, but I couldn’t. The bullet seemed to be scraping me from the inside out. What didn’t kill me might just drive me mad. I was going to have to ask for help, and I hated that. I opened the bathroom door, and yelped. Nic stood on the other side. One glance at my face and he cursed, then shoved his way into the room. I snatched a towel off the rack and clutched it to my breasts. Stupid. He’d already seen and touched everything already. â€Å"What the hell happened?† Nic demanded. I wasn’t sure where to start. â€Å"I woke up and you were gone. No note. Nothing.† Nic shoved his fingers through his hair, making it stand on end, reminding me of the coarse blond locks of our dream child. I shoved the image out of my head. That child wasn’t real, could never be real, and I had to remember that. Nic wore nothing but boxers. Too bad I didn’t have time to admire his physique. Blood flowed down the back of my legs and dripped onto the floor. â€Å"What the – â€Å"? Nic yanked the towel free and spun me around. I was so shocked, I let him. â€Å"Who shot you?† â€Å"Guy in the junkyard. The owner, or maybe the night watchman.† â€Å"I take it you were furry at the time,† he murmured. â€Å"Or he and I are going to have a discussion.† I glanced over my shoulder and caught an expression of such violence cross his face I was shocked – and a little bit charmed. I could take care of myself – bullet in the butt notwithstanding – but it was kind of nice for once to have someone else want to look after me. Nic saw me staring and schooled his face into the stoic mask I’d come to loathe. â€Å"You’d better get in the bathtub. You’re making a mess.† â€Å"Good idea.† I climbed in. â€Å"What were you doing at the junkyard?† Quickly I explained about the phone call, the Edsel, the watchman, and the ghostly wolves. When I was done, Nic stared at me without blinking. â€Å"Ghost wolves. Are they something new?† â€Å"I’ve never heard of them. But now I know why I saw wolf shadows at Lydia’s and caught the scent of wolves when everyone else swears there aren’t any. At least I’m not nuts.† â€Å"Just able to see, smell, and hear things no one else can,† he said dryly. â€Å"Do you think the disappearing bodies are related somehow?† I thought for a minute, then shook my head. â€Å"The ghost wolves didn’t do much beyond bump against me and spread cold spots. I doubt they’re killing people. Besides, Sheriff Stephenson was killed with a knife, then marked with a human bite.† â€Å"Which means we’ve got two problems instead of one.† â€Å"At least.† â€Å"So what’s the deal?† He waved at my rear end. â€Å"I thought werewolves could heal damn near anything.† â€Å"We can. Trouble is, I’m healing faster than usual. You’re going to have to dig that out.† He didn’t argue. â€Å"Got any medical instruments?† â€Å"Not anymore.† â€Å"Oh, right. Compound go boom.† Leaning down, Nic peered at my left cheek. Funny how a little bullet and a lot of blood took care of any sexual interest in my nakedness. Or maybe discovering my true nature had already killed that. â€Å"Will left a few things,† he said. â€Å"Hold on.† He returned a few minutes later with a small leather case. Inside were several lethal-looking blades. â€Å"Filleting knives.† Nic began to root around in the medicine cabinet concealed behind the mirror over the sink. â€Å"Will must like to fish.† â€Å"What are you searching for?† â€Å"Alcohol.† I snorted. â€Å"As if I’ll get an infection.† â€Å"Humor me.† Removing a clear bottle, he doused the smallest of the knives, then withdrew a tweezers from the cabinet and doused that, along with his hands. â€Å"Turn around,† he said. â€Å"No problem.† I didn’t want to watch. Nic splashed my butt with alcohol, and I nearly jumped out of the tub. â€Å"Hey! What did I say about infection?† â€Å"Can you promise I won’t get furry if I accidentally cut myself with your blood all over me?† â€Å"I told you. The virus is only passed through saliva when I’m in wolf form.† â€Å"But things can change.† He was right. I had no idea what was happening to me. The virus could be mutating, and then everything I knew, or thought I knew, would be wrong. â€Å"Leave it,† I said. â€Å"I’ll live.† â€Å"I’m not lame. I won’t cut myself. Besides, you’ve got the handy-dandy antidote. If I get infected, you can cure me.† Could I? I no longer had the formula, and it wasn’t exactly simple enough to remember off the top of my head. None of them were. I hadn’t heard from Edward since he’d left town. I was starting to worry. If he were to disappear, along with everything I’d invented, the world, as well as me, was in big-time trouble. Nic poked me. â€Å"Ow!† â€Å"Hold still or you’ll have more holes than you already do.† He punctuated his words with another jab. â€Å"I’ve almost got it.† I stared at the bathroom tile and waited for him to finish. Within three minutes, something pinged against the bathtub, then rolled toward the drain, coming to rest on top of the steel trap. Nic picked up the bullet. â€Å"Constantly amazes me that something this little can do so much damage.† He lifted his gaze and in his eyes I saw many things. Relief, anger, wariness, fear, and something else I couldn’t quite place before he turned away, tossing the instruments into the sink and dousing them again with alcohol. â€Å"You’d better take a shower.† His voice was remote once more, and I had to wonder if I’d seen or only imagined the softer emotions crossing his face. I turned on the water. Even if Nic could get past my being a werewolf, there were so many other things about me he didn’t know and never could. â€Å"The wound’s already healed over,† he murmured. I couldn’t see the hole, and I didn’t really want to. Yanking the shower curtain closed, I let the heated water wash the blood from my skin. If only it could wash the blood from my hands – or should I say paws? â€Å"You mind if I stay while you explain what’s going on?† he asked. â€Å"Suit yourself.† I stuck my head under the spray. â€Å"Who called you?† â€Å"I thought it was Edward.† Now I wasn’t so sure. â€Å"Does he have your research?† â€Å"I hope so.† â€Å"Not having it. That’s bad?† â€Å"You have no idea.† I scrubbed soap into my hair, working the suds from my scalp all the way to the ends. â€Å"Not only is the formula for the antidote gone, but so is the formula for me.† Nic yanked back the shower curtain. â€Å"What happens, exactly, if you don’t take your medicine? I thought you were different.† â€Å"I am.† I pulled on the plastic. â€Å"You mind?† He scowled but drew the curtain across the rod with a shriek of metal rings, and I began to rinse my hair. â€Å"Werewolves can’t help but change under the full moon,† I explained. â€Å"There’s no resisting its pull. I’ve tried to cure the transformation, but I’ve never been able to.† â€Å"So if you have to change, how are you different?† â€Å"I was never possessed by evil – what we call the ‘demon.’ Killing people sickened me.† Nic had never been dumb. He heard what I wasn’t saying. â€Å"You never liked to kill, but you did.† â€Å"The first time, the transformation is frightening, maddening.† The power is exhilarating. The words whispered through my brain. Was that my thought or someone else’s? Someone else’s ? I must have lost too much blood. â€Å"The hunger,† I whispered. â€Å"I can’t describe it.† The agony in my belly, the pounding of my pulse, the shrieking in my head. Despite the steamy heat surrounding me, I shivered. â€Å"You’ll do anything to make the torment stop. Anything.† Silence from the other side of the curtain spoke louder than words. Nic was wondering why I hadn’t eaten a silver bullet rather than a person. I’d wondered that myself. At least he didn’t ask. â€Å"If a werewolf doesn’t partake of human blood on the night of the full moon, what happens? He dies?† â€Å"No such luck.† If it were that easy, Edward could just lock up all the werewolves and forget about the key. â€Å"Only silver ends a lycanthrope’s existence. Or being killed by another werewolf. However, that’s rare.† I’d found it bizarre that a lycanthrope would murder a human, yet balk at killing another werewolf, but no one ever said they were logical. â€Å"Why is it rare?† â€Å"There’s a fail-safe, for want of a better term. Maybe a taboo, I guess, against killing our own kind. My personal theory is that the fail-safe is part of the demon.† â€Å"Which you don’t have,† Nic said slowly. â€Å"And neither does Damien.† Damien’s curse had taken away not only his demon but any lingering concern about the werewolf rules. He’d also discovered that killing other werewolves took the edge off that pesky need for human sustenance. Convenient for him, since he hadn’t had access to my serum. â€Å"What about that Weendigo you and Lydia were discussing? The Great Cannibal?† â€Å"I’ve known one – Hector Menendez. He was demon personified, and he had no problem killing werewolves.† â€Å"Which screws up your personal theory.† I’d thought a lot about Hector. Probably too much in the dark of the night. â€Å"Since Hector had no problem breaking human taboos – † I began. â€Å"Such as?† â€Å"Eating people when he was still a people.† â€Å"I thought he was a werewolf cannibal.† â€Å"With Hector we got a twofer.† â€Å"A cannibal in both forms,† Nic murmured, â€Å"so all of his fail-safes were broken.† I’d always enjoyed talking with Nic. He was so quick and bright, he’d often finish my thoughts before they came out of my mouth. That hadn’t changed, even though almost everything else had. â€Å"That’s my theory,† I agreed. â€Å"But Hector’s a little too dead to ask about it.† â€Å"Exactly.† â€Å"With regular werewolves, those with the demon and no access to your serum, what happens under the full moon?† â€Å"The madness takes over, if they don’t shift voluntarily, they’ll do so automatically.† I closed my eyes and let the water beat down on my face, but nothing could make those memories go away. Nic remained silent for several minutes. When he spoke again, I understood why. â€Å"Mandenauer told me you experienced your first transformation at Stanford. But why then?† Hell. Trust Edward to tell Nic just enough to make him curious and not enough to make him stop questioning me. I shut off the shower, then wrapped myself in a towel before opening the curtain. Nic leaned against the sink, arms crossed over his bare chest. His biceps bulged; his stomach was hard and flat, his legs long, muscled, and lightly covered with hair. I remembered what his hands felt like, what his skin tasted like. I forced myself to walk away, but Nic followed me into my bedroom and brought with him his questions. â€Å"Was it the moon? Your age? A spell?† He made a disgusted sound. â€Å"A spell. I never thought I’d hear myself ask that.† I moved to the window, pushed the curtain aside, and let the silver soothe me. Funny, the icy glow that beat down from the sky, to me as strong as the sun in the middle of July, used to upset me. Now I was drawn to it. â€Å"Does it matter?† I asked. â€Å"There’s no going back.† Nic came up behind me, and I caught the scent of his hair, felt the heat pulsing off him like steam. â€Å"Tell me,† he insisted. â€Å"I deserve to know.† He did, although I didn’t want to be the one to tell him. Too bad I was the only one here. â€Å"Love,† I said. â€Å"Love changed me.† â€Å"I don’t understand.† I wasn’t sure what else to say, so I hesitated. He lost his patience, not that he had much to begin with, and grabbed me by the shoulders, spinning me around. â€Å"Tell me,† he ordered through gritted teeth. â€Å"Fine,† I spat, through teeth just as tight. â€Å"Dopamine rushing through the brain, adrenaline making the heart pound, phenylethylamine creating the feeling of bliss, oxytocin bringing about sexual arousal.† My tone was clinical. I refused to look Nic in the eye. He released me as if I’d suddenly sprouted horns. Maybe I had. â€Å"Falling in love with me made you a werewolf?† â€Å"No. My mother being bitten by a monster was what made me a werewolf. The virus was there waiting. It was only a matter of time.† â€Å"And the right person.† I shrugged and turned back to the window. â€Å"You changed and then you disappeared. But what happened in between? You said the hunger was too much to bear the first time.† â€Å"It was.† â€Å"You killed someone?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And then?† I stared at the moon, the trees, the night, and I remembered. Then Edward had locked me in a cage. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four, Essay examples

Research in Accounting Strong Built Construction Company

Question: Discuss about theResearch in Accounting for Strong Built Construction Company. Answer: Introduction Most of the organizations mainly put importance to the components like base pay, bonuses, equity, benefits and perks of a typical compensation structure (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). Organization provides compensation to its employees so that they can able to fulfill their needs. In this study, Strong Built Construction Company has able to maintain its position even when the industry is facing trouble. Body A typical compensation package is composed of nine elements. These are base salary; annual or quarterly bonus; other bonus like boss, peer, outstanding non-normal accomplishments; stock options; stock units; health and wellness that consists of dental, medical, vision, employee assistance program; life and accident insurance that is composed of basic life, survivor income benefit, long term disability, accidental death and dismemberment; other insurance like travel, legal and perks like internet services, food, gym memberships, company bus, plane or train fare, cell phone and service, company discounts, university or ongoing funding for education, electric car chargers and many more (Warren, Reeve and Duchac 2012). However, the structure of a compensation package depends on size of the organization, nature of industry and even on the geographic location of the organization. The compensation package of an individual of the higher designation might vary as more elements might be inco rporated within the structure of compensation. The compensation package varies from one company to another. Thus the proportion of the components of a typical compensation package should vary from one organization to another Agency theory is one of the major components of financial economics. It indicates the conflicts of the interest between individuals with diverse interest in the same assets. By analyzing the agency theory, it can be assessed that the particular theory indicates the conflicts between shareholders and managers of the organizations and shareholders and bondholders. As per the theory, the relationship between the principals and agents can be described in an effective manner. The traditional agency relationship arises when individuals called principals or hire one or more individuals for conducting a particular process (Ballwieser et al. 2012). The primary agency relation lies between the stockholders and managers of the organization. In this context, Bill Strong, the founding director of Strong Built Construction Company have discussed about the profitability of the business in recent board meeting. Hence, the organization has been trying to improve the agency relationship with stakehold ers. In the recent survey, it has been identified that the motivation level of employees have fallen and it has affected the business (Van Puyvelde et al. 2012). Consequently, the business is unable to move forward in the global market. The traditional agency theory facilitates the organization to diminish the conflicts of interest between agents and principals. It is a strong indication of corporate governance and business ethics. With the involvement of the traditional agency theory, the director of Strong Built Construction Company would be able to resolve issues regarding compensations. In this scenario, the profit before tax has fallen and it affects the business in many ways. For example, the employees become de-motivated and less performer. Through the engagement of the traditional agency theory, the Strong Build Company has been upholding the relation with staffs, shareholders, suppliers and customers. Moreover, the organization has been planning to enhance the relation with their employees by providing the adequate compensation to them. In recent years, Strong Built Construction Company has been approaching the conventional agency theory for executing the compensation to employees (Pepper Gore 2015). With the involvement of the conventional agency theory, employees obtain the monetary benefits from the company. Bill Strong, the director of Strong Built Construction Company, has argued that monetary compensation would be beneficial for the employees and it would facilitate to motivate employees for providing enhanced performance in the business. On the other hand, the executive compensation would be considered during the compensation planning. Hence, it can be assessed that the traditional agency theory influences the organization approaching compensation for employees in the business (Pepper Gore 2014). Comparison Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation The extrinsic motivation means outside or external motivation. This type of motivation is commonly found everywhere and is used frequently within the present society. As per the extrinsic motivation, an individual is motivated to behave, learn and achieve based on the highly observed result (Hoggett 2012). Rather it can also be said that this motivation is used for the purpose of fun, learning or development that is served within an experience. Intrinsic motivation provides fun and mainly aim for competency and skill development and for excitement and accomplishment. In case of intrinsic motivation, an individual perform some activities in order get himself stress free, relieved and to get fun. Implementation of this method makes an individual feel better. Excitement makes people to think in a different way, thus this type of motivation is also counted as intrinsic motivation (Bragg 2013). In terms of intrinsic motivation, an individual work internally to develop his skills, rather it can be said that people are motivated by the implementation of the intrinsic measures. Though there are many differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, there is one relationship between the two types of motivation and that is both the types help people to get motivate and to achieve their goals. The compensation of the members is based on the employees who are willing to take the risk and willing to avoid the risk. In case Strong built Construction Company aligns the present incentives in the compensation scheme with the risk attitude of the employees then the employees will be able to reward themselves with higher amount of compensation. The higher is the risk taking attitude of the employee, the higher amount of compensation should be awarded to the employee. On the other hand the risk avoiding employee tends to avoid risk and this should directly reflect in their compensation (Ims et al. 2014). According to Foss, N Stea, D (2014), the compensation committee led by U.S. takes in consideration fairness and balance in the compensation. According to this principle the employees having more responsibility towards the organization fundamentally have greater pay for performance, proper alignment of incentives and a shareholder friendly compensation package. The willing among the employees for greater productivity is has a direct influence on the external rewards and it follows logical sequence of payment system followed by the performance of the employees. The risk avoiding employees are further motivated by the several factors such as, meeting the goals of the organization, making and implementation of the various decisions and the willingness to take part planning, organizing and controlling the effects of the other employees. This has a direct impact on the compensation of the employees (Hermanson 2012). According to Graham et al. (2013) the best time for the employees to receive financial benefit is during the time when the share prices of the company are high and the tax level is low. The best time is driven by the various market forces, due to this reason the company need to identify the best time according to the present tax and future forecast of the tax structures. In this way even if the revenue of the company falls, the employees will be able to draw higher amount of compensation. The various intrinsic factors like giving a challenging task or getting the employees involved in the decision making process will ensure that the employees always stay motivated and improve the working attitude among the employees. The time when the company decides to dissolves its held shares for the past three years is also a good time to provide the compensation. The company needs to bring liquid flow of money in its account so that it is able to settle the salaries of the employees with ease. ( Gursoy 2013). Compensation is a substitute term for salaries and wages. Studies have identified that compensation is one of the prime factor that helps employees to work to their full potential. Hence, fairness consideration will have to be implemented by the company so that no employees of the organization feel that they are not a valuable asset of the company (Osibanjo, Pavithra and Adeniji 2014). However, survey has identified the fact that level of motivation of the employees have fallen to a great extent. As a result, the management tries to implement conventional agency theory approach so that it can provide high level of monetary benefits to its employees so that their motivational level can remain in good order. Fairness consideration in determining compensation is a kind of thing that had to mention by the organization (Chen et al. 2015). Otherwise, the prime objective that is to improve the present level of motivation of the Strong Built Construction Company might not be fulfilled. In addition, the company is looking to initiate company share to the employees. Therefore, the company has to ensure that the share of the company is distributed in such a way so that every individual within the company can actually feel satisfied with this approach (Su 2014). Otherwise, it might even increase the negative impact on the mind of the employee. Executive compensation is one of the most highly important factors that Strong Built Construction Company has to consider at the time of providing compensation to the executives. Since, executive are often considered that they might not show their incentive to perform to their full potential, which might affect the companys overall performance. Therefore, executive committee has to be developed in such way, which can evaluate the performances of the employees (Goel 2012). The performance measurement is extremely crucial at the time of providing compensation. Since, if the an employee who is giving his best at the workplace, does not compensated properly as compared to another employee who is not probably giving too much effort in the job, it actually can increase the dissatisfaction or frustration level of the employees even more higher. Hence, formation of the committee can minimize this kind of possibilities, which will help the Strong Built Construction Company to increase the pre sent level of the motivation for the employees. According to Hermanson et al. (2012), compensation committee is need to be established because of practical and legal reasons. The key determinations of the compensations need to be established. There are complex compensation issues which are need to be addressed and the board does not have adequate time to solve the complex compensation issues and this resulted in the formation of compensation committee which ensures that the issues are addressed and receiving the deliberate attention. The committee formed should have relevant degree of independence. The compensation program needs to be designed by the compensation committee should focus on the incentives promoted by the program. The committee should consist of independent directors and the evaluation of the committee should be done annually. The compensation of compensation committee should be determined by the board itself. The chair of the compensation committee would be elected by the board unless elected by the board. With or w ithout case , the board is entitled to remove the member of compensation committee (Guthrie et al. 2012). The members of committee needs to address the dissatisfaction of employees and the idea of new chief officer to provide intrinsic compensation to employees which means motivation is given to the employees by rewarding them in terms of intangible factors such as appreciating them at the accomplishment of the tasks to boost their morale, treating with consideration and making them feel satisfied. This would enable to boost the outcome as the current level of executing compensation is not optimum (O'Reilly 2014). Conclusion According to various dimensions of the research study it can be observed that the traditional theory related to the agency theory shows the importance of principal and agents. The agency theory helps to address the issues associated with desire of principal and the attitude of the principal for the compensation of degree of risk. In practical application of the problem is mainly observed among the stock holders. The extrinsic and intrinsic factor of motivation further illustrates how the internal agents vary from the external agents in defining of the attitude towards work. The appropriate time to pay of compensation is based on the availability of the liquid cash flows and several Governmental policies which are in favor of the construction companies. The overall aim of the study is to put an augmented emphasis on the fairness related to the structuring of the compensation package of the employees. Recommendations Due to the stringent policy by the government , the construction company is in downturn but the Strong built construction company has been able to maintain its profile and though the company was able to maintain its stability in terms of revenue there was falling motivation among the employees. The proposal by the new chief financial officer, Susan Bold to compensate the employees in terms of intrinsic motivation is sounding good and it would enhance their performance. The monetary compensation would be determined by the time frame of the business when it is exploring. And so the intrinsic benefits such as making them feel satisfied, participating in decision making process would change the attitude of the employees toward their work and would keep them motivated. In order to settle the salaries of the employees with ease, the company needs to maintain the liquid flow of money which is a secondary factor but the primary things to be focused on is the intrinsic factors to enhance the performance of the employees Part B Ia.) The aim of the research paper is to evaluate the significance of the explanations as stated in the ISA 700 auditors report in decreasing the audit expectation gap. As per the German auditors report there existed certain discrepancies in preparing audit reports as per the ISA 700 guideline. The aim of the research paper is to identify the effectives of the policies stated in the ISA 700 statements to reduce the gap between the expectations of the management of a business organization relating to the audit procedure and the actual results that is reflected in the audit procedure (Graham et al. 2012). The research paper seeks to analyze the e implications of the ISA 700 framework as per the operational expenses of a business enterprise. In addition, it seeks to measure the actual financials position of the business enterprise without any bias. As such, the primary responsibility of the research paper is to present a true and fair view of the financial state of a business organization. Ib.) Auditors - External auditors , Internal auditors Financial Statements Financial Analysts - Junior Financial Analysts Senior Financial analysts Auditors report Students - High school students , Middle school students The profitability of a business enterprise. Investors The financial strength of the business organization as well as the number of preference shares shares sold in the market . Ic.) The manipulation checks relate to identifying the discrepancies in the auditors report as well as the accounting statements prepared in the year-ended financial statements. In addition, the manipulation checks referred to the preparation of the financial statements of a business enterprise in accordance to the necessary guideline and framework, which the business organization is supposed to adhere. According to Moser and Martin (2012), The manipulation checks has been an essential part of the auditors job in carrying out authentic reports about the financial statements prepared in the business enterprise. Besides this, it remains essential to gather reports as per the manipulations made in the business enterprise. The total expenses of the organization shall be scrutinized as per the vouchers in the organization. (Parker and Guthrie 2014). Thus, undue manipulations would not be made which shall lead to a rise in the operational expenses of a business enterprise. II II a) According to both the studies the primary objective of the audit process was considered to be fraud detection until 20th century. However the primary importance shifted from detection of the fraud to verify the details in the financial statements. The audit profession wanted to avoid discrepancies related to legal suits by the various business organization and general public. It has been observed that fraud detection is prevalent in many firms and stake holders are discontent with the work of the auditors. The objective of the study is to assess the validity of audit estimates gap in Ghana both from auditors and stockbrokers point of view (Agyei and Owusu 2014). II b) According to the study suggested by Okafor the difference between the degree of expected performance experienced by the user of both financial statement and the auditor is defines as the audit expectation gap. The study has also identified audit expectation gap as the difference between audit performers and the details conveyed though the audit. The method of data collection was based on questionnaire method. According to Agyei and Owusu-Yeboah (2013), the report explains, the gap of audit expectation mainly exists due to subjectivity of the terms and concepts used in the auditing process. The concepts include reasonableness, fair value, adequacy, materiality, reliability and relevance. The study was conducted using sampling techniques. The approach by Okafor is more rigorous as it is more focused towards quantitative research study by considering hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2. IIc) According to Agyei and Gyamerah (2014), Albert Agyeis the participants consisted of 72.5 % of male respondents and 27.5% of female respondents. Among the various respondents the work experience of 60% of the respondents had an experience of over 5 years, while 30% of the respondents were between 6 years and 10 years and rest had even higher amount of experience. The study conducted by Okafor consisted of participants from the accounting department of the University of Benin, Benson Idahosa University and Ambrose Alli University, and other investing public in Edo state. (Okafor and Otalor 2013). II d) Acccording to Boateng and Agyei, (2013), the respondents in the study conducted by Albert Agyei revealed that 45% of the auditors agreeing to the statements and 45% disagreeing. The frauds detected in the financial statement were agreed by 65% of the total stock brokers. The study conducted by Okafor revealed that it was the responsibility of the auditor to ensure the client with an accurate audit report including the financial statements. The main findings of the study revealed that 67.12% of the respondents didnt know what was expected of the auditors as stated in the statute books and relevant documents. The response rate given Okafor is more accurate in nature. II e) Acccording to Ayuurebobi et al. (2015), the study by Albert Agyei is based on the parameters of agreement and disagreement of various variables. It also identifies that there was no expectation of gap among the auditors and the stockbrokers with relation to producing financial statements. Moreover there was no the expectation of the gap was not present between auditors to the stockbrokers with respect to exercising the judgment in the selection of the audit procedures. The study conducted by Okafor suggested that most of the participants believed that it was the responsibility of the auditor to ensure the client with accurate auditing data and financial data. (Otalor and Okafor 2013). II f) Accoroding to Kusi et al. (2015), the flaws identified in the model of Albert Agyei indicated several over expectations of the users of the audited analysis of the financial statements. Several flaws in the model of Okafor suggested that more the public needed to be more educated toward their duties and responsibilities. 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